Anticoagulación oral en la fibrilación auricular: ¿qué guía el uso de los nuevos fármacos? / Oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation: What is the guideline for using new drugs?

Objetivo: Valorar si existen diferencias entre los pacientes con fibrilación auricular (FA) en los que se inicia tratamiento en Urgencias con los anticoagulantes de acción directa (DOAC) y los antivitamina K (AVK). Método: Estudio descriptivo, observacional, prospectivo. Se seleccionaron pacientes con FA que acudieron durante un año a un servicio de urgencias hospitalarias. Resultados: Este estudio incluyó 492 pacientes con FA. Se inició anticoagulación en 189, 104 con AVK (55%) y 85 con DOAC (45%). El grupo AVK: edad media de 76,1 años, 50,9% hombres y 49,1% mujeres, con un CHA2DS2-VASc medio de 3,2±1,3 y un HAS-BLED medio de 1,9±0,8. El grupo DOAC: edad media de 73,4 años, 37,6% hombres y 63,3% mujeres, con un CHA2DS2VASc medio de 3,1±1,6 y un HAS-BLED de 1,7±0,8. Analizando los antecedentes médicos de los pacientes destacó que en el grupo AVK el 17,3% presentaba ACV previo y el 13,5% valvulopatía significativa, y en el grupo DOAC, un 7,1 y un 1,2%, respectivamente. Analizando los diferentes DOAC destacó que en el grupo de dabigatrán el 24,2% presentaba ACV previo y en el de rivaroxabán el 22,7% tenía cardiopatía isquémica. Conclusiones: Los pacientes con FA que inician tratamiento en Urgencias con AVK o con DOAC presentan un perfil similar de edad, sexo y puntuaciones CHA2DS2-VASc y HAS-BLED. Los pacientes con antecedentes de valvulopatía o cardiopatía isquémica recibieron más AVK que DOAC. Si existe antecedente de ictus el DOAC más utilizado es dabigatrán, y si existen antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica se prefiere rivaroxabán

Objective: To assess whether there are differences between atrial fibrillation (AF) patients initiating new direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC) therapy and vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy in an emergency service. Methods: Descriptive, observational, prospective study. We enrolled patients with AF who were visited in a hospital emergency service over one year. Results: This study included 492 patients with AF, and 189 subjects received anticoagulant therapy, 104 with VKA (55%), and 85 with DOAC (45%). The VKA group: mean age 76.1 years, male 50.9% and female 49.1%, CHA2DS2-VASc mean 3.2±1.3 points, and a HAS-BLED mean of 1.9±0.8 points. The DOAC group: mean age 73.4 years, male 37.6% and female 63.3%, CHA2DS2-VASc mean 3.1±1.6 points, and a HAS-BLED mean of 1.7±0.8 points. On analysing the medical history, 17.3% of patients in the VKA group had a previous stroke, and 13.5% significant valve disease, as well as 7.1 and 1.2% of patients, respectively, in the DOAC group. In the analysis of the DOAC types, 24.2% of patients in the dabigatran group had a previous stroke, 22.7% in the rivaroxaban group had ischaemic heart disease. Conclusions: Patients with AF who start on treatment in emergency services with VKA or with DOAC show a similar profile of age, gender, CHA2DS2-VASc score, and HAS-BLED score. The patients with a history of valvular or ischaemic heart disease received more VKA than DOAC. When the patient has a history of stroke, the DOAC more used is dabigatran, and in patients with ischaemic heart disease it is preferred to give rivaroxaban

Seguridad de los iSGLT-2. Revisión de las reacciones adversas notificadas a nivel nacional / Safety of SGLT2 inhibitors. A review of the adverse drug reactions registered in a national database

Objetivo. Conocer las reacciones adversas medicamentosas (RAM) producidas por los inhibidores del co-transportador sodio-glucosa tipo 2 (iSGLT-2) notificadas en España desde su comercialización. Material y métodos. Estudio de todas las notificaciones existentes en la base de datos del Sistema Español de Farmacovigilancia de medicamentos de uso humano derivadas del uso de iSGLT-2. Resultados. Se recopilaron 311 notificaciones: 169 relacionadas con dapagliflozina (54,34%), 81 con empagliflozina (26,05%) y 61 con canagliflozina (19,61%). El 52,1% de los pacientes fueron mujeres y el 47,6%, hombres. La edad media fue de 62,07±12,176años. Un total de 167 notificaciones (53,7%) fueron clasificadas como no-graves y 144 (46,3%), como graves. Se notificaron 534 RAM, siendo las más frecuentes las infecciones del tracto urinario (37 casos; 6,9%), cetoacidosis diabética (30; 5,6%), balanopostitis (24; 4,5%), cetoacidosis (16; 3%), candidiasis vulvovaginal (16; 3%), mareo (11; 2,1%) y disuria, balanitis candidiásica y prurito vulvovaginal (10; 1,9%). El desenlace de las 534 RAM fue: recuperado sin secuelas, 55,6%; todavía no recuperado, 14%; no recuperado, 4,9%; mortal, 1,1%, y desconocido, 24,3%. Conclusiones. La mayoría de las RAM notificadas son infecciones del tracto urogenital, cetoacidosis y daño renal, y aunque las primeras en su mayoría no fueron graves, la cetoacidosis y el daño renal sí lo fueron, generando ingresos y haciendo peligrar la vida de los pacientes, por lo que creemos que ello nos obliga a hacer una prescripción cuidadosa, a consultar las advertencias publicadas por las autoridades sanitarias y notificar cualquier RAM que se sospeche de esta familia terapéutica para su mejor y más completo conocimiento (AU)

Objective. To analyse the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) caused by Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) notified in Spain since they have been on the market. Material and methods. An analysis was made of all the notifications registered in the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System of drugs for human use, arising from the use of SGLT2i. Results. A total of 311 notifications were recorded, of which 169 (54.34%) were related to dapagliflozin, 81 (26.05%) to empagliflozin, and 61 (19.61%) to canagliflozin. There was a ratio of 52.1% women to 47.9% men. The mean age was 62.07±12.17years. There were 167 (53.7%) notifications were classified as non-serious and 144 (46.3%) as serious. A total of 534 ADRs were notified, with the most common being urinary tract infections in 37 (6.9%) cases, diabetic ketoacidosis in 30 (5.6%), balanoposthitis in 24 (4.5%), ketoacidosis in 16 (3%), vulvovaginal candidiasis in 16 (3%), dizzy spells in 11 (2.1%), and 10 (1.9%) with dysuria, Candida balanitis, and vulvovaginal pruritus. As regards the outcomes of the 534 ADRs, 55.6% recovered with no sequelae, with 14% still recovering, 4.9% not recovered, fatal in 1.1%, and unknown in 24.3%. Conclusions. The majority of the ADRs notified are infections of the urogenital tract, ketoacidosis, and kidney damage. Although the majority of the former were not serious, the ketoacidosis and kidney damage were, leading to hospital admission and being life threatening in some patients. For these reasons, it is recommended that they are, prescribed with caution, the warnings published by the health authorities consulted, as well as notify any ADR that is suspected in this therapeutic group, in order to improve and provide us with further knowledge (AU)

Síndrome de QT largo secundario a fluoxetina / Long QT syndrome due to fluoxetine

No disponible

[Safety of SGLT2 inhibitors. A review of the adverse drug reactions registered in a national database]. / Seguridad de los iSGLT-2. Revisión de las reacciones adversas notificadas a nivel nacional.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) caused by Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) notified in Spain since they have been on the market. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analysis was made of all the notifications registered in the Spanish Pharmacovigilance System of drugs for human use, arising from the use of SGLT2i. RESULTS: A total of 311 notifications were recorded, of which 169 (54.34%) were related to dapagliflozin, 81 (26.05%) to empagliflozin, and 61 (19.61%) to canagliflozin. There was a ratio of 52.1% women to 47.9% men. The mean age was 62.07±12.17years. There were 167 (53.7%) notifications were classified as non-serious and 144 (46.3%) as serious. A total of 534 ADRs were notified, with the most common being urinary tract infections in 37 (6.9%) cases, diabetic ketoacidosis in 30 (5.6%), balanoposthitis in 24 (4.5%), ketoacidosis in 16 (3%), vulvovaginal candidiasis in 16 (3%), dizzy spells in 11 (2.1%), and 10 (1.9%) with dysuria, Candida balanitis, and vulvovaginal pruritus. As regards the outcomes of the 534 ADRs, 55.6% recovered with no sequelae, with 14% still recovering, 4.9% not recovered, fatal in 1.1%, and unknown in 24.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the ADRs notified are infections of the urogenital tract, ketoacidosis, and kidney damage. Although the majority of the former were not serious, the ketoacidosis and kidney damage were, leading to hospital admission and being life threatening in some patients. For these reasons, it is recommended that they are, prescribed with caution, the warnings published by the health authorities consulted, as well as notify any ADR that is suspected in this therapeutic group, in order to improve and provide us with further knowledge.

[Oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation: What is the guideline for using new drugs?] / Anticoagulación oral en la fibrilación auricular: ¿qué guía el uso de los nuevos fármacos?

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there are differences between atrial fibrillation (AF) patients initiating new direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOAC) therapy and vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy in an emergency service. METHODS: Descriptive, observational, prospective study. We enrolled patients with AF who were visited in a hospital emergency service over one year. RESULTS: This study included 492 patients with AF, and 189 subjects received anticoagulant therapy, 104 with VKA (55%), and 85 with DOAC (45%). The VKA group: mean age 76.1 years, male 50.9% and female 49.1%, CHA2DS2-VASc mean 3.2±1.3 points, and a HAS-BLED mean of 1.9±0.8 points. The DOAC group: mean age 73.4 years, male 37.6% and female 63.3%, CHA2DS2-VASc mean 3.1±1.6 points, and a HAS-BLED mean of 1.7±0.8 points. On analysing the medical history, 17.3% of patients in the VKA group had a previous stroke, and 13.5% significant valve disease, as well as 7.1 and 1.2% of patients, respectively, in the DOAC group. In the analysis of the DOAC types, 24.2% of patients in the dabigatran group had a previous stroke, 22.7% in the rivaroxaban group had ischaemic heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with AF who start on treatment in emergency services with VKA or with DOAC show a similar profile of age, gender, CHA2DS2-VASc score, and HAS-BLED score. The patients with a history of valvular or ischaemic heart disease received more VKA than DOAC. When the patient has a history of stroke, the DOAC more used is dabigatran, and in patients with ischaemic heart disease it is preferred to give rivaroxaban.

Síndrome de Sweet secundario a inhaladores / Inhaler-induced Sweet's syndrome

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Anemia ferropénica resistente al tratamiento / Refractory iron deficiency anaemia

No disponible